Some aspects of systems administration in linux involves identifying and working with hardware.
Knowing your motherboard, CPU, RAM, system specs is nice. Below are some tools for this. This is
specifically geared at ubuntu systems.
Install Packages
Install package
sudo apt install lshw hwinfo pydf
pydf
An improved version of df. Type pydf. You should see
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/pve/root 58G 3559M 52G 6.0 [##........................] /
/dev/sda2 511M 328k 511M 0.1 [..........................] /boot/efi
/dev/fuse 128M 16k 128M 0.0 [..........................] /etc/pve
/dev/sdb1 916G 3516M 866G 0.4 [..........................] /mnt/data
hwinfo
HWinfo is a general propbing Hardware probing tool. Type hwinfo --short. Should have
cpu:
Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6500 CPU @ 3.20GHz, 3200 MHz
Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6500 CPU @ 3.20GHz, 900 MHz
Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6500 CPU @ 3.20GHz, 3200 MHz
Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6500 CPU @ 3.20GHz, 3200 MHz
graphics card:
Intel HD Graphics 530
sound:
Intel 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family HD Audio Controller
storage:
Floppy disk controller
Intel Q170/Q150/B150/H170/H110/Z170/CM236 Chipset SATA Controller [AHCI Mode]
network:
eno1 Intel Ethernet Connection (2) I219-LM
network interface:
vmbr0 Ethernet network interface
eno1 Ethernet network interface
lo Loopback network interface
disk:
/dev/sdb TOSHIBA DT01ACA1
/dev/sda KingFast
partition:
/dev/sdb1 Partition
/dev/sda1 Partition
/dev/sda2 Partition
/dev/sda3 Partition
cdrom:
/dev/sr0 hp HLDS DVDRW GUD1N
usb controller:
Intel 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller
bios:
BIOS
bridge:
Intel 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #6
Intel Q170 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller
Intel Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers
Intel 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #9
Intel 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #7
hub:
Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
memory:
Main Memory
unknown:
FPU
DMA controller
PIC
Keyboard controller
PS/2 Controller
Intel 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Power Management Controller
Intel 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Thermal Subsystem
Intel 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family SMBus
/dev/ttyS0 16550A
For more infor, see help for this command
lshw
To list hardware, type lshw -short. Should have
H/W path Device Class Description
=========================================================
system HP EliteDesk 800 G2 SFF (L1G76AV)
/0 bus 8054
/0/0 memory 128KiB L1 cache
/0/1 memory 128KiB L1 cache
/0/2 memory 1MiB L2 cache
/0/3 memory 6MiB L3 cache
/0/4 processor Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6500 CPU @ 3.20GHz
/0/5 memory 40GiB System Memory
/0/5/0 memory 8GiB DIMM DDR4 Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregistered) 2133 MHz (0.5 ns)
/0/5/1 memory 16GiB DIMM DDR4 Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregistered) 2133 MHz (0.5 ns)
/0/5/2 memory [empty]
/0/5/3 memory 16GiB DIMM DDR4 Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregistered) 2133 MHz (0.5 ns)
/0/b memory 64KiB BIOS
/0/100 bridge Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Regis
/0/100/2 display HD Graphics 530
/0/100/14 bus 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller
/0/100/14/0 usb1 bus xHCI Host Controller
/0/100/14/1 usb2 bus xHCI Host Controller
/0/100/14.2 generic 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Thermal Subsystem
/0/100/17 scsi0 storage Q170/Q150/B150/H170/H110/Z170/CM236 Chipset SATA Controller [AHCI Mode]
/0/100/17/0 /dev/sda disk 256GB KingFast
/0/100/17/0/1 /dev/sda1 volume 1006KiB BIOS Boot partition
/0/100/17/0/2 volume 511MiB Windows FAT volume
/0/100/17/0/3 /dev/sda3 volume 237GiB LVM Physical Volume
/0/100/17/1 /dev/cdrom disk DVDRW GUD1N
/0/100/17/0.0.0 /dev/sdb disk 1TB TOSHIBA DT01ACA1
/0/100/17/0.0.0/1 /dev/sdb1 volume 931GiB EXT4 volume
/0/100/1c bridge 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #6
/0/100/1c.6 bridge 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #7
/0/100/1d bridge 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #9
/0/100/1f bridge Q170 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller
/0/100/1f.2 memory Memory controller
/0/100/1f.3 multimedia 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family HD Audio Controller
/0/100/1f.4 bus 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family SMBus
/0/100/1f.6 eno1 network Ethernet Connection (2) I219-LM
/0/6 system PnP device PNP0c02
/0/7 system PnP device PNP0c02
/0/8 system PnP device PNP0c02
/0/9 system PnP device PNP0c02
/0/a system PnP device PNP0b00
/0/c generic PnP device INT3f0d
/0/d generic PnP device HPQ8001
/0/e input PnP device PNP0f13
/0/f communication PnP device PNP0501
/0/10 system PnP device PNP0c02
/0/11 system PnP device PNP0c02
/1 power High Efficiency
/2 vmbr0 network Ethernet interface
For more details, try the commanmd help
lscpu
To get CPU details, type lscpu. Should have
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
Address sizes: 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
CPU(s): 4
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 2
Socket(s): 1
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 42
Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-2120 CPU @ 3.30GHz
Stepping: 7
CPU MHz: 3220.394
CPU max MHz: 3300.0000
CPU min MHz: 1600.0000
BogoMIPS: 6585.10
Virtualization: VT-x
L1d cache: 64 KiB
L1i cache: 64 KiB
L2 cache: 512 KiB
L3 cache: 3 MiB
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-3
Vulnerability Itlb multihit: KVM: Mitigation: VMX disabled
lsmem
To get Memory details, type lsmem. Should have
RANGE SIZE STATE REMOVABLE BLOCK
0x0000000000000000-0x00000000dfffffff 3.5G online yes 0-27
0x0000000100000000-0x000000039fffffff 10.5G online yes 32-115
Memory block size: 128M
Total online memory: 14G
Total offline memory: 0B
Other Commands
A list of other commands are
demidecodefree -mcat /proc/versioncat /proc/cpuinfocat /proc/meminfo